Personal Statement Essay Example for Free

Individual Statement Essay The drive and activity to change has consistently been my inspiration to improve and create. I use it as an instrument towards obtaining new aptitudes and abilities that can develop and improve my expert foundation. Furnished with my significant objectives and goals, I wish to call attention to my goal to apply for a Management, Marketing and Society Masters program in Stockholm University. It has consistently been my obsession to be instructed and find out about things and issues that proceed to move and lead men and society to different ways. These cultural factors thus shape us in unmistakable manners and assist us with understanding the patterns occurring in our condition. Presently, with the presentation of globalization, the idea of fringes is gradually decaying as individuals understand the associations and relatedness in the midst of decent variety. My experience and understudy of governmental issues and global relations in both University of Leeds and Middle East Technical University has given me the influence to disentangle models and suppositions from both the neighborhood and worldwide domain. These close by my encounters in both legislative and universal association (AISEC) can develop better valuation for what this program brings to the table. In like manner, my ventures and individual examinations have urged me to enhance my vocation and harp on close to home and expert turn of events. Instances of these preparation and workshops rotate around the domains of promoting and the executives. At long last, with your acknowledgment I feel that it can help energize and fulfill my craving to learn. It can help enlarge my comprehension and appreciation of various components that constantly shape both our nearby and worldwide situations. Simultaneously, by concentrating on the board and showcasing systems, I can practice on issues and thoughts that are predominant in various market-situated economies. This thus can make me energetic and versatile to the progressions occurring in our consistent globalizing and growing society.

How to Write a Good Paragraph for an Essay

How to Write a Good Paragraph for an EssayMany writers find that they can make their essays much more interesting if they know how to write a good paragraph. A paragraph is the first section of the paper. It is what will usually catch the attention of the reader and make them want to continue reading the paper.The paragraph can stand alone or it can be incorporated into another portion of the paper, but it must contain specific assignment information that has been completed. It is important that this information remain consistent throughout the entire paper. It is a good idea to write one paragraph per section of the paper.The number of paragraphs required to complete a section of the paper will vary, depending on the specific assignment and the length of the assigned section. For example, a twelve-page paper will require twenty-three paragraphs. A two hundred word essay will require fifty-nine paragraphs. Remember, that the longer the paper, the more passages or sections it will req uire.It is important to know how to write a good paragraph because it will determine how well your essay will be received, and the proper introduction will get the reader's interest. Without proper introduction, readers might not even see the entire paper. Therefore, when writing a good paragraph, you should make sure that the introduction is proper and relevant to the rest of the paragraph.However, the paragraph must also contain information that is related to the other paragraphs. If a paragraph starts out with a different subject matter than what the rest of the paragraphs are about, the introduction will be less noticeable. Therefore, writing a good paragraph is necessary in order to properly guide the reader.The information found in the introduction will be used to educate the reader on what is found in the essay. This is the section of the essay that is supposed to explain what is written within the paper. Therefore, when writing a good paragraph, the introduction should conta in the main ideas.There are a few ways that an introduction can be written. One is to simply give a general introduction to the essay. Another way is to provide a summary of the essay. Other parts of the essay will follow the introduction, explaining how certain parts of the essay relate to other parts.You should learn how to write a good paragraph by knowing how to structure the sentence structure and the main ideas found within the essay. Make sure that the sentence structure is clear and concise, and that there is an emphasis on the main ideas of the essay. Most importantly, remember to always introduce the essay as a 'Paragraph for Paragraph.'

Gay Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Gay Marriage - Essay Example Certain investigators express that mental, physical and money related prosperity is improved by marriage and that children of gay couples profit by being raised by guardians inside an association that is legitimately perceived and is bolstered by establishments of the general public. Court records that American Scientist Associations filled additionally show that segregating gay ladies and men as ineligible for marriage both vilifies and invites separation by people in general against them. The American Anthropological Association states that exploration of sociology doesn't support the conclusion that either social requests that are feasible or progress rely on neglecting to perceive gay marriage. Gay marriage can be done in a common service that is mainstream or in a strict setting. Numerous confidence networks everywhere throughout the world help are tolerating gay couple to wed or perform gay wedding services. In an investigation of inspecting the outcomes of segregation that are institutional on the mental strength of lesbian, gay, and androgynous (LGB) individuals that was done by a Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, found an expansion in mental disarranges, including dramatically increasing of clutters of uneasiness, inside the (LGB) people living in the US that established bans on gay marriage. The investigation demonstrated the significance of getting rid of segregations that are as foundations, even those subsequent in differences in the prosperity and psychological wellness of LGB people.

Princeton Eating Clubs

Princeton Eating Clubs March 15, 2012 Do the Princeton eating clubs strike you as elitist? Want to get a sense of what Princeton Eating Clubs are all about? From The Ivy Club to Cannon Club to Elm Club and Princeton Tower Club, eating clubs (as seen in this video) are ubiquitous on the Princeton University campus. If a student is a junior or a senior, theres a good chance he or she is indeed in one of these clubs. These clubs are distinct from fraternities, sororities, and secret societies. Students dont live at the clubs (though some officers do) but they do eat at the clubs. And they also provide a great outlet to get involved in, say, community service or recreational sports. Many view these clubs as elitist. Many view the clubs as exclusive to men. But you should know that women participate actively in eating clubs as well! That doesnt mean the clubs dont have an elitist air to them. Former President Woodrow Wilson, himself a former member of an eating club, was in many ways driven from Princeton for taking on the clubs. He felt they detracted from academic life at Princeton. And the costs of the clubs today can be prohibitive for some students particularly students who receive financial aid. What do you think about the Princeton eating clubs after watching the video? Do you think more universities should have clubs like these? Weve written about Ivy League secret societies before. Do Princeton eating clubs remind you of secret societies? Let us know your thoughts on the matter by posting below!

Historical And Theological Issues Surrounding The Catholic...

There was many historical and theological issues surrounding the split between the Catholic and the Orthodox church. There were cultural factors that impacted how the religion was practiced. There was political factors, as per usual politics ruin everything. Aside from all the socio-political reasons the main reason there was a schism was because the east and west disagreed on aspects of religion. The Great Schism, was the event that divided Christianity into Western (Roman) Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. All though it is normally dated to 1054, when Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael I excommunicated each other, the East-West Schism was actually the result of an extended period of estrangement between the two bodies of churches. The primary causes of the Schism were disputes over papal authority. According to Rome the Pope held authority over the four Eastern patriarchs, while the four eastern patriarchs claimed that the primacy of the Patriarch of Rome was only honorary and thus he had authority only over Western Christians, Cultural differences that separated ancient Greece from ancient Rome still held true for the early Christian church. Language was an important factor in the schism, the entire early Christian world was split almost precisely along the Greek-Latin language boundary. Words, and ideas could not be precisely translated, and words often had multiple meanings in one language views them in another. The language problem was also symbolic of theShow MoreRelatedThe Cultural And Religious Traditions Of The European Continent3078 Words   |  13 Pagesseeks to remove the holy image to which they so ardently pray. From the west, rumors of a new Creed have made their way to the town, but the grand political and historical implications of this document are unknown the laity, who, illiterate, have never read the creed to which their church adheres. In such an environment, the great theological controversies of the seventh to ninth centuries emerged, forever shaping the history of not only the provinces in which they took hold, but also the developmentRead MoreByzantine Art : Contributions And Reflections Of A Falling Empire1901 Words   |  8 Pagesfunctions. However, these functions are consistently changing and morphing alongside the culture they serve. How is art able to reflect and even affect the society it is generated from? More specifically, what impact does art have, in response, on surrounding societies over time? This theme has been questioned throughout art history in nearly every studied culture. This continuation of the Roman Empire was heavily influenced by Grecian ideas, yet Byzantine art was transformed to an entirely new aestheticRead MoreEssay on Fundamentalism and Inerrancy of Scripture5400 Words   |  22 PagesInerrancy as an Issue in the Fundamentalist Movement: 1900 to the Present. A Paper Submitted to Dr. Homer Massey In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course History of Christianity II CHHI 525 By, Johnny walker INERRANCY OF THE SCRIPTURES Outline Fundamentalism is a type of religious reaction to all forms of modernity. Within Christianity this phenomenon is mostly characteristicRead MoreThe Fulfillment of the Day of the Lord Essay5829 Words   |  24 PagesLiberty University Research Paper The Fulfillment of The Day of the Lord An Assignment submitted to Dr. Eunice Abogunrin In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For The course Theo 530 Liberty baptist Theological seminary By Andrew James Paterson 22781155 Lynchburg, Virginia Friday, May 4, 2012 THESIS STATEMENT This purpose of this paper is to address the meaning and significance of the Day of the Lord, that there is a future fulfillment in addition to the past fulfillmentRead MoreEssay on The Ideas of Hell and Purgatory3168 Words   |  13 Pagesevolved, the church taught that nearly everyone descended to this similar place to earth after dying. Included in this belief were the Pagan Gods and Goddesses from the Middle East, Rome, Greece, and the Germanic and Celtic tribes. Nevertheless, hell was commonly envisioned based on an ancient Jewish perspective, where the wicked were separated from the righteous, and thrown into a large burning trash dump called Gehenna (Graham). From the beginning, the church sought toRead More Resolving Conflict between Science and Religion: Reform Judaism and Scientific Thought3160 Words   |  13 Pagesthroughout history, especially in relation to the Christian faith. For instance, few people have not heard about the adverse reaction of the Catholic Church when Galileo propounded his theory of a heliocentric universe. Even today, we are not free of conflicts that arise when religious doctrine conflicts with scientific theorizing. A prominent issue is creation, in which scientific theories about the big bang directly contradict the religious doctrine of the Christian faith, which understandsRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pageswestern society as part of Babylon—a system and a place that is the enemy of the blacks of the world. FOREWORD ix 7. There is still no organized set of doctrines and teachings that constitute Rastafarianism, and no organized Rastafarian church, temple, or worship space exists. 8. There are numerous sects and groupings of Rastafarians, each holding to its own belief system and structure. 9. Rastafarianism is a deeply patriarchal religion that remains completely behoven to the Bible. 10

The Importance Of Time In A Rose For Emily By William...

William Faulkner’s use of time can be recognized as an important element in the majority of his stories, and the amount of attention given to the element of time has been studied for an enormous amount of years. One of his most famous short stories, â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† is one his works that time is a crucial element. Several scholars have worked to understand the confusing chronology of this work, while others have given many reasons for Emily Grierson’s refusal to acknowledge the passage of time. Through all the years of careful literary analysis, no one has addressed one highly significant detail. When readers are first introduced to Miss Emily, she carries in her pocket an invisible watch ticking at the end of [a] gold chain (Faulkner†¦show more content†¦From Emily’s point of view, the only way to keep Homer with is to murder him. If Homer is dead he would be less offended by the comments of Emily’s small Southern community. (Evide nce shows the town’s involvement in Homer’s murder. Their awareness of Emily purchasing arsenic, followed by Homer’s disappearance and a foul odor surrounding Emily’s home proves some degree of community awareness of what happened.) More importantly for Emily, however, Homer will now be apart of her life forever. The result of Emily’s attempts to keep circumstances for changing is that time for her loses its â€Å"mathematical progression† (129) and becomes stagnant and repetitive. By placing the watch in her pocket, Emily has removed the watch from her sight which makes her unconscious of time. Even though Emily’s watch is out of sight, she is constantly reminded of the passage of time by the obnoxiously loud ticking; the ticking was loud enough for the alderman to hear during the awkward silences of the meeting. While Emily’s watch continues to tick monotonously, there is another form of repetition of Emily’s dry, col d voice repeating, â€Å"I have no taxes in Jefferson . . . I have no taxes in Jefferson† (121). Time for Emily does not progress forward; it goes on in an endless cycle, similar to the abnormally loud tick, tick, tick, of her carefully placed watch. Emily’s attempt to stop the progression of time, like any attempt, isShow MoreRelatedEssay on William Faulkners A Rose for Emily1539 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Faulkners A Rose for Emily As any reader can see, A Rose for Emily is one of the most authentic short stories by Faulkner. His use of characterization, narration, foreshadowing, and symbolism are four key factors to why Faulkners work is idealistic to all readers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The works of William Faulkner have had positive effects on readers throughout his career. Local legends and gossip trigger the main focus of his stories. Considering that Faulkner grew up in Mississippi, he wasRead MoreA Stream of Consciousness in A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner745 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short story written by American author William Faulkner and centres around an old lady named Emily. The story is written in the classic Faulkner method of a streaming consciousness. By constructing the story through use of the stream of consciousness, Faulkner is able to manipulate the predetermined short story structure and create an outstanding, critically acclaimed story. In using the thematic concept of creating contrasts between two opposing entities, Faulkner is ableRead More Importance of Human Interaction in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily1372 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Human Interaction in William Faulkn ers A Rose for Emily Are human beings responsible for the well being of others that they come into contact with? William Faulkners story A Rose for Emily considers the significance that human interaction has or does not have on peoples lives. Faulkner creatively uses a shocking ending to cause readers to reevaluate their own interactions with others in their lives. Throughout the story, Faulkner uses characters that may relate to the readersRead MoreEssay A Rose for Emily: Literary Analysis 2990 Words   |  4 PagesENG 102 Analysis Research Paper 09-25-10 Literary Analysis William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† carries a theme represented by a dying breed of that era, while using symbolism to represent tragedy, loneliness and some form of pride, the story also shows how far one will go to have the approval of others and the pursuit of happiness. In today’s times, a person’s image could mean everything in life and almost everyone tries to fit into the main stream in some form at some pointRead MoreThe Resistance to Change988 Words   |  4 Pageschanges to these routines feels weird and out of place. In William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose For Emily† based in a fictional town called Jefferson taking place during the twentieth century. The time period is indeed an important factor because southern tradition was above all of the highest importance. This short story gives the audience details of life during that time in which they followed the values of southern tradition and the importance to never stray away from those traditions. The context of theRead MoreA Rose For Emily Literary Analysis957 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Faulkner is a well-known author, whose writing belongs in the Realism era in the American Literary Canon. His writing was influence by his Southern upbringing, often setting his sto ries in the fictional Southern town, Yoknapatawpha County. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† was one of Faulkner’s first published pieces and displays many of the now signature characteristics of Faulkner’s writing. The short story provides commentary through the use of many symbols. In William Faulkner’s short story, â€Å"A RoseRead MoreCompare and Contrast Southern Views of â€Å"a Rose for Emily† and â€Å"a Battle Royal†1024 Words   |  5 Pagesof â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"A Battle Royal†Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Souths history is sometimes described as charming and traditional, but it also has a dark side, and to say the least, is horrendous. William Faulkner author of A Rose for Emily, was raised in the South, whereas Ralph Ellison the Arthur of Battle Royal was from Oklahoma and attended College in the South. Each Arthur has different views and writing styles, which impacts their frame of reference to the south. A Rose for Emily writtenRead More William Faulkner Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pages William Faulkner nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;William Faulkner is one of Americas most talked about writers and his work should be included in any literary canon for several reasons. After reading a few of his short stories, it becomes clear that Faulkners works have uniqueness to them. One of the qualities that make William Faulkners writings different is his close connection with the South. Gwendolyn Charbnier states, Besides the sociological factors that influence Faulkners work, biographicalRead MoreFalling Of The Higher Class1320 Words   |  6 Pages2013 Falling of the Higher Class In William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† the protagonist, Emily, is a quiet upper-class woman who is disliked by many in her community, mainly due to her awkward behavior and highly respected social status. While the community progresses during the industrial revolution Emily remains a distant relic of the past that refuses to move on. The story exhibits traits of a capitalist community that is based on classism. Emily is a part of the town’s upper classRead More The Importance of Plot in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily1431 Words   |  6 Pages The Importance of Plot in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily In â€Å"A Rose For Emily†, by William Faulkner, plot plays an important role in how the story is played out. Faulkner does not use chronological order in this short story. Instead, he uses an order that has many twists and turns. It appears to have no relevance while being read, but in turn, plays an important role in how the story is interpreted by the reader. Why does Faulkner present the plot of this story in this manner? How

Process Analysis free essay sample

When I make a dessert, I expect to eat it soon after it is ready. I do not like making desserts for other people because that teases my hungry tummy. A few years back, my grandmother found a recipe online similar to the one that her grandmother used to serve at their Thanksgiving dinner in the 1940s. So keeping tradition alive, we have been making this dark chocolate dark marbled cheesecake ever since I can remember. This past Thanksgiving, my mom and I went grocery shopping to get all of the ingredients needed for this masterpiece. We do not even use a shopping list anymore, that is how good we are. Anyway, we get back to the house where my aunt and grandma are waiting to start the fun. We have to make our own crust for this cheesecake so we split up into two teams since there are two parts to the recipe. We will write a custom essay sample on Process Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First, my aunt and I start working on the crust which calls for 1 ? cups of vanilla wafer crumbs, ? cup powdered sugar and ? cup HERSHEY’S Cocoa all to be stirred in a medium bowl. Next was time for the ? stick of butter to be mixed in as well. Once everything was nice and crumby, it was time to empty and press the mixture into a pan, forming a crust; we baked that at 350 degrees in the oven for approximately nine minutes, and let it cool while the actual cheesecake was being made. That was the easy part. Mom and grandma were slacking on their part of the job, and I wanted this dessert sooner than later, so naturally my aunt and I picked up the slack. They already had the three packages of cream cheese and 1-? cups of sugar whipped up in the large turquoise bowl, along with 1-? teaspoons of vanilla extract. Mom and grandma also separated ? of the mixture into a separate bowl and this is where the batter fight came happened. My aunt and I, being more mature, finish up this step by pouring the remaining concoction into the crust that had been cooling for quite some time. By this time my two dogs are getting riled up for some reason in the living room, we do not pay much attention because this cheesecake is more important at the time. So, it is now time for us to unwrap 12 Hershey’s Kisses Special Dark Chocolate bars. Easier said than done when we could not find the chocolates. Both my aunt and I have a pretty good idea when we look at my dogs in the other room dry heaving. This was just perfect, without the 12 little chocolates this would be a ruined work of art. I told my mom to grow up and clean the cheesecake mixture off of her, put herself to good use and to please buy some more chocolate bars; thankfully we live right down the rode from a store. While she is gone, it was kind of hard to complete anything, so we had to wait. After waiting for eleven minutes, we got our chocolates and were ready to melt them in the microwave at a medium heat for one minute, stirring when it is done. These chocolates were going into the remainder of the mixture that was not poured into the crust earlier. Now, it was time for the dark marbled part of the cheesecake to come aboard. Dropping the mixture with the chocolate bars teaspoons at a time into the pan, the dessert was finally coming together. One of the last steps was to bake for about 47 minutes or until the cheesecake was set. During this excruciating waiting time, it really was not that bad, we played a few games on Nintendo Wii. This helped time pass way faster than just sitting and watching the timer slowly tick down. I never thought the time would come but the buzzer went off on the oven and it was time to take out the delicious dark chocolate dark marbled cheesecake. I am always in such a rush to get the thing made because after baking, it has to unfortunately cool in the refrigerator for several hours. And with the few extra Hershey’s Kisses, we garnish the top of the cheesecake. I usually take a nap while the cooling process is going on because that is also something else that makes the time go by faster. My alarm went off, which was the sound of my mom calling my name down the hall. I frantically get up and hurry to the beloved kitchen to check on what I would be devouring in a few seconds. I always like to be the first person to eat this because well, I deserve it from putting my blood and sweat into making it. To my surprise, not a good surprise, someone had already eaten ? of the dessert. I did not know what to think; everybody who is anybody knows that I, Karli Greene, take the first bite. After raising hell for a few minutes, I quickly come to my senses and realize that that was not getting me anywhere and greedily consume my portion of the dark chocolate dark marbled cheesecake.

Fixed Form Poetry Vocabulary Flashcard

Fixed Form Poetry Vocabulary

Structure V Agency Essays

Structure V Agency Essays Structure V Agency Essay Structure V Agency Essay Which of the key debates covered in weeks 1-4 is the most significant for sociology? Explain your answer with reference to at least one sociological topic. The Structure v Agency debate has been one of the most contentious within the sociological world. The argument comprises of whether structure (social systems) or Agency (our own individualistic nature) determine our paths in quotidian life. Giddens takes the following stance Society only has form, and that form only has effects on people, in so far as structure is produced and reproduced in what people do. This essay critically evaluates this controversial dualistic argument, in an attempt to establish why it is so significant for sociology. Giddens is also in favour of Agency coining the theory of ‘structuration’ claiming that â€Å"our activities both structure our social world and at the same time are structured by them† (Giddens, 2006:8). This means that people living within a societal structure are partly predisposed to oblige with its various cultural norms, values and rules. However, our individualistic nature shapes and defines this very structure. The structure’s rules are by no means permanent and evolve with time. This doesnt sound unreasonable until you consider just how detrimental little or no agency can be on a person. Restrictions are placed upon us from birth by parents hoping to mould their child into one that conforms to cultural norms and values. These are imposed on us through various actions and behaviors such as gender specific toys and the way both genders are treated. Boys are more likely to be told to hide pain while girls are considered more delicate. Society dictates that there is a cultural life path that you must follow in order to be accepted. Certain aspects of life are pre-planned by those in authority such as your parents or government institutions. Wright-Mills (1959) observes the institution of marriage, stating that â€Å"inside a marriage a man and a woman may experience personal troubles, but when the divorce rate during the first four years of marriage is 250 out of every 1,000 attempts, this is an indication of a structural issue having to do with the institutions of marriage and the family and other institutions that bear upon them. This observation is a strong indicator that suggests the reasons people get married is due to cultural pressures forcing a long term commitment to a partner that some individuals may not be prepared for. Another issue that can be derived from structure is suicide which is often regarded as a personal choice and anti-social. Statistical studies have concluded that suicide rates correlate annually, particularly at christmas. It can be argued that some people may feel alienated and segregated from the rest of society during festive periods. Durkhiem describes suicide as; â€Å"If voluntary deaths increase from January to July, it is not because heat disturbs the organism, but because social life is more intense. The latter depends on social conditions. † Durkhiem claims that suicide rates are higher in certain religious countries; for example catholicism is regarded as a more family orientated religion when compared with protestantism and the suicide rates reflect this. Suicide rates are lower when people are more integrated within the family structure. Being part of a loving happy family is deemed an important positive aspiration that is considered paramount within society. Religious beliefs are a transparent product of structure. Children are born into religious families whereby the process of indoctrination is immediately exercised through primary and secondary socialisation. It can be argued that as children move into adolescence they grow a deeper sense of agency and often start to reject or change the ideals bestowed upon them as a child through other doctrines such as atheism and agnosticism or branch towards different religious reformations such as Calvinism, Lutheranism and Anglicanism. There have been an estimated 2000 deities spanning many religions over the course of humanity which suggests that although children are indoctrinated early through societal structure their own modalities provide leverage that enables them to reshape their pre-existing ideologies through agency. Indoctrination is a serious issue in todays societies as over the course of history children that have been raised under this guise have gone onto commit acts of martyrdom through such causes as the crusades and in more recent times extremists sects of society particularly in the middle east. een in the 9/11 plane hijacks and 7/7 bombings. Hitchens (date) provides the following thoughts on religious upbringing â€Å"mass indoctrination of uneducated young men with such ideas is in itself a lethal danger to society and to international order. † Many sociologists query as to why religion seems to have dominated society over the past 4000 years. Marxist views may explain why structure has had such a persistent influence within capitalist societies as it can be argued that it provides the bourgeoisie with a dominant tool of mass exploitation of the proletariat both culturally and materially. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed culture, the heart of a heartless world just as it is the spirit of a spiritless situation. It is the opium of the people† (Marx). The proletariat put up with suffering on earth through various hardships such as work and poverty because of the promise of eternal reward in the afterlife. Understanding this debate is crucial for sociology because it’s members are so heavily integrated within society that they often cannot see these social barriers blocking their mobility. The working classes continue under a facade of agency while rendering the upper classes invisible and unquestioned. In conclusion, this essay has evaluated key points between structure and agency giving examples through such topics as religion, marriage, gender and suicide. It can be argued that Structure and Agency exist interdependently and that two ideologies are so delicately interconnected that to say one of them purely determines how people live their lives is one of much contention. It is important to agree however that in our society many inherent rules and restrictions have become archaic and are inimical to our interests if we want to progress towards a more desirable society. This is why the debate is so important for sociology as it allows us to further understand the inner workings of society and provide us with the tools to eventually build, reform and improve on existing foundations. Reference List: Giddens, A. , Pierson, C. 1998:77. ‘Giddens, Modernity and Self-Identity’ in Gauntlett, D. Media Gender and Identity, 2nd edition (London: Routledge) Giddens, A. 1973. Capitalism and Modern Social Theory: An Analysis of the Writings of Marx, Durkheim and Max Weber. Cambridge University Press. Hitchens, C. 2011. The Enemy. Amazon. [e-book] available at www. amazon. com. Wright Mills, C. 1959. The Sociological Imagination. Oxford University Press Durkhiem, E. (1997) [1951]. Suicide  : A Study In Sociology. The Free Press. Marx, K. 1943 [1970]. Critique of Hegels Philosophy of Right. Edited by Joseph O’Malley. Cambridge University Press.

Interactional theory in Gandhi Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Interactional theory in Gandhi - Research Paper Example To understand his life, Attenborough (1982) produced and directed Gandhi. This paper analyzes the film using Watzlawick, Beavin, and Jackson’s (1967) Interactional Theory on communication. It aims to show that this theory helps explain Gandhi’s effectiveness as a persuasive communication expert and social transformation leader. Gandhi demonstrates an interactional view of communication because Gandhi used non-violent, non-cooperative, and peaceful communication strategies, which have been successful in attaining individual and social changes because he continuously reframed punctuations regarding the causes and resolutions to conflict. Gandhi depicts the rise of Gandhi, from being a lawyer of racial injustice in South Africa to a transformational leader in India. Attenborough (1982) showed how Gandhi started his non-violent approach to conflict management, when he realized the intensity and extent of racial discrimination against Indians in South Africa. With his friend and supporter, the rich Indian businessman Kinnoch, they and their thousands of supporters defied the Pass Law and other oppressive policies, until they changed legislation into one that improved racial equality. Gandhi returned to India, which was in a historical transition from colonial ownership to independence. Gandhi aroused the formation of nationalist organizations and used the media to gain publicity and to spread his non-violent, non-cooperative, and peaceful approach to the demand for independence from Great Britain. Interactional Theory views relationships as â€Å"patterns of interaction† (Watzlawick et al., 1967, p. 2), where every member participates in the cybernetic environment, while interacting with other systems to control their environment too. Gandhi is an effective communicator because he does not undermine the value of the press in enhancing public awareness and changing individual and social beliefs. The first rally in South Africa indicates how Gandh i saw the media as a partner in documenting non-violent actions, so that more people would join him and for the British Empire to realize the power of their numbers. Gandhi wants journalists to cover their peaceful protests because it can unite the nation. He told the reporter Walker that he â€Å"cannot unite a community† without a paper (Attenborough, 1982). He then used the media, including his own paper, to promote his views on non-violent and non-cooperative action toward resolving various conflicts. Gandhi knows the importance of connected systems to achieve widespread social changes. Interactional Theory has five axioms and the first aims to show how complex systems operate by stating that people â€Å"cannot not communicate,† so everything that is said and done is a message. Watzlawick et al. (1967) stressed: â€Å"Activity or inactivity, words or silence all have message value: they influence others and these others, in turn, cannot not respond to these commu nications and are thus themselves communicating† (p. 1). The pragmatic approach to language emphasizes the effects of actions on communication behaviors (Wayne, 1990, p.603). Gandhi shows the importance of every aspect of communication to express his strategies and to persuade people to follow his methods. His main emphasis is that violent, non-cooperative, and peaceful communication strategies can be used to attain social

Planning on research on Inclusive Education Essay

Planning on research on Inclusive Education - Essay Example Inclusive education can include a number of strategies. Most of the research on this topic focuses on; global movements, laws on inclusive education within and without a given country, resources, deconstruction of special schools, sources of funding for inclusive schools and other ideas that may boost the development of Inclusive education. There are various global movements that have worked towards the inclusion of the pupils with special educational needs. Schooling of these pupils with special educational needs has changed from neglect previously to integration presently. Global movement is taking part in the African countries, the Asian countries the European countries and also in the South American countries. In the United Kingdom there is a very strong policy framework which is based on the inclusive principles and values together with additional funding. Similarly the movements have allowed the pupils with the special educational disabilities to understand their needs well and this has enabled them learn to live in a world that is full of differences. This movement has a global dimension whereby there is a connection between the various countries globally and this has spurred a commitment by various countries to set their national targets for the pupils with special educational needs. (Norwich, 1994) Special schools have been in place since the days of old. ... In the year 2001, there were close to sixty one percent of children with special needs that were placed in mainstream schools this was an increase of five percent from the mid nineties. Besides, there was a seven percent decrease of special schools in the UK. Staff working in these special schools also reduced by close to eleven percent in that same year. However, more still needs to be done as there is still a large portion of the education system that has not included children with special needs in their program. Laws have also been regulated towards the realization of this agenda. In the UK, there have been a number of laws that have been passed that worked towards implementation of inclusive education. There were acts that were passed in the year 1986, 1993 and 1996. All these acts placed emphasis on the fact that children with special needs should be given the right to attend mainstream schools if their parents allow it and if there is a provision for them in that institution. In the year 1998 and 1997, the Government made publications specifically relating to children with special needs. Here, they addressed plans that would assist in this inclusion program. There were a number of newsletters written by the government concerning inclusive education at that same time. Later on, a special education needs and disability act was passed that reinforced special children's entitlement to mainstream schooling. An exception was provided if the child would cause very serious impairment to education in the classroom or if their parents did not allow it. (The Children Act 2004, 2004) It has been found that there is a lack of funding towards this form of

Comparison and Contrast of Main Characters Essay Example for Free

Comparison and Contrast of Main Characters Essay Nora and Tom are the main characters of two plays, the Doll House and the Glass Menagerie respectively. In comparing and contrasting these two characters, it is vital to analyze the plays and to gain and understanding of their personalities and relationships with other people. Nora is the wife of Torvald, and their marriage is characterized by the domination of Tovarld over Nora and her complacent passivity. As a wife during the late 1800s, it was typical of women to have been treated like children with little to no independence. However, it is the failure of Nora to remain stuck in her gender role as the immature ornament. Tom is the son of Amanda and the brother of Laura, and his position in the family is marked by the absence of his own father. Tom is expected to fully maintain the family, yet his youth and inexperience, coupled by his mother’s demanding exasperation, do not equip him to be a successful head of the household. In analyzing these two characters, it is interesting to note the ways in which Nora and Tom are similar and different in regard to gender roles and passivity. Gender Roles Passivity In regard to gender roles and passivity, it is clear that Nora and Tom are caught up in the expectations of other people and playing out stereotypical functions to an extreme degree. Nora herself describes her situation as a wife with no ambitions and blames her husband, saying, â€Å"I lived by performing tricks for you†¦ you and father have done me a great wrong†¦ it’s your fault that my life has been wasted† (Ibsen, 1890, 117). In this comment, one can see the full frustration of Nora in regard to her plight as a fully dependent wife. However, one could dispute her allegation that all of the culpability rests on the shoulders of her husband and not at all on herself. As far as Tom is concerned, he is stuck taking care of his mother and sister, when he would truly rather be making more of a life for himself, stating â€Å"I tried to leave you behind me, but I am more faithful than I intended to be† (Williams, 1999, 97). Tom expresses his irritation with the situation of him being expected to perform all of the duties as the head of the household, a role which he increasingly rejects. Similar to Nora, he finds himself playing a part which he does not want to be playing. However, a vital difference is that Tom takes responsibility for remaining passively in a role which does not suit him and does not try to place the full blame on other people. Conclusion Nora and Tom are both characters who find themselves doing the bidding of other people in response to social expectations, rather than following their instincts in living their lives more for themselves. While Nora finds herself shaming her husband for her life mistakes, Tom is more apt to shame himself. However, in the end, both characters are able to break free of the gender roles and passivity which have bound them all too closely and dependently to other people. Nora ends up leaving her husband, just as Tom ends up leaving his wife and mother. While Nora ends the play on a note of anger and full finger pointing, Tome ends the play with a sense of regret that he must leave his family. Nora and Tom are able to escape the oppressive forces in their lives, yet they have markedly different approaches to assigning fault. Works Cited Ibsen, H. (1890). A Dolls House. W. H. Baker. Williams, T. (1999). The Glass Menagerie. New Directions Publishing.

Black Boy :: Essays Papers

Black Boy2 Black Boy, Richard Wright's autobiography, covers his childhood and early adulthood. It opens with four-year-old Richard's rebellion against authority, an important motif in Black Boy. At the time, Richard was restless and resentful of his mother's injunction of silence. Richard accidentally burned down his grandparents' house in his attempt to find something to occupy his time. After his mother determined that he was unharmed, she beat him so badly he lost consciousness. When Richard and his brother were very young, Nathan Wright, their father, abandoned the family, plunging them into poverty. Richard's constant hunger made him extremely bitter toward his absent father. Over the next few years, Ella, Richard's mother, would desperately attempt to feed, clothe, and shelter her children. Her long hours of work often meant leaving her children with little supervision. When Richard was six years old, he began begging drinks in a nearby saloon where the customers plied him with nickels if he would repeat various curse words and offensive phrases. When beatings proved ineffective in breaking her son of his growing obsession with alcohol, Ella engaged the babysitting services of an older black woman in the neighborhood. Ella moved in with her sister, Maggie, and Maggie's husband, Silas Hoskins. Hoskins was the proprietor of a successful saloon, so there was always more than enough food to eat. Nevertheless, Richard was unable to lose the fear that his hunger would return anew, so he hoarded food all over the house. Unfortunately, the newfound stability was not destined to last. The local whites were jealous of Hoskins's profitable business, so they murdered him and threatened to kill the rest of his family. Maggie and Ella fled with the two boys to live in another town. Maggie and Ella's combined wages proved adequate to feed and clothe Richard and his brother, but Maggie became involved with "Professor" Matthews, a wanted man. Ella and the children fled to the North after Matthews killed a white woman; Ella once again had to work alone to provide for herself and her children. Ella's health began to deteriorate. Lacking rent money, she and her sons were forced to move several times. A paralytic stroke disabled her, so Richard was forced to write to his grandmother for help. Ella's siblings gave what help they could, but none of them could take on the responsibility for both of her children. Richard's grandmother took on the responsibility for caring for Ella.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Communication Technology

CHAPTER 15 Long-Term Liabilities ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1. (a) Long-term liabilities are obligations that are expected to be paid after one year. Examples include bonds, long-term notes, and lease obligations. (b) Bonds are a form of interest-bearing notes payable used by corporations, universities, and governmental agencies. 2. (a) The major advantages are: (1) Stockholder control is not affected—bondholders do not have voting rights, so current stockholders retain full control of the company. (2) Tax savings result—bond interest is deductible for tax purposes; dividends on stock are not. 3) Earnings per share may be higher—although bond interest expense will reduce net income, earnings per share on common stock will often be higher under bond financing because no additional shares of common stock are issued. (b) The major disadvantages in using bonds are that interest must be paid on a periodic basis and the principal (face value) of the bonds must be paid at mat urity. 3. (a) Secured bonds have specific assets of the issuer pledged as collateral. In contrast, unsecured bonds are issued against the general credit of the borrower. These bonds are called debenture bonds. (b) Term bonds mature at a single specified future date.In contrast, serial bonds mature in installments. (c) Registered bonds are issued in the name of the owner. In contrast, bearer (coupon) bonds are not registered. Holders of bearer bonds must send in coupons to receive interest payments. (d) Convertible bonds may be converted into common stock at the bondholders’ option. Callable bonds are subject to retirement at a stated dollar amount prior to maturity at the option of the issuer. 4. (a) Face value is the amount of principal due at the maturity date. (b) The contractual interest rate is the rate used to determine the amount of cash interest the borrower pays and the investor receives.This rate is also called the stated interest rate because it is the rate stated on the bonds. (c) A bond indenture is a legal document that sets forth the terms of the bond issue. (d) A bond certificate is a legal document that indicates the name of the issuer, the face value of the bonds, the contractual interest rate and maturity date of the bonds. 5. The two major obligations incurred by a company when bonds are issued are the interest payments due on a periodic basis and the principal which must be paid at maturity. 6. Less than.Investors are required to pay more than the face value; therefore, the market interest rate is less than the contractual rate. 7. $28,000. $800,000 X 7% X 1/2 year = $28,000. Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only) 15-1 Questions Chapter 15 (Continued) *8. $860,000. The balance of the Bonds Payable account minus the balance of the Discount on Bonds Payable account (or plus the balance of the Premium on Bonds Payable account) equals the carrying valu e of the bonds. *9. Debits: Credits:Bonds Payable (for the face value) and Premium on Bonds Payable (for the unamortized balance). Cash (for 97% of the face value) and Gain on Bond Redemption (for the difference between the cash paid and the bonds’ carrying value). *10. A convertible bond permits bondholders to convert it into common stock at the option of the bondholders. (a) For bondholders, the conversion option gives an opportunity to benefit if the market price of the common stock increases substantially. (b) For the issuer, convertible bonds usually have a higher selling price and a lower rate of interest than comparable debt securities without the conversion option. 11. No, Tim is not right. Each payment by Tim consists of: (1) interest on the unpaid balance of the loan and (2) a reduction of loan principal. The interest decreases each period while the portion applied to the loan principal increases each period. *12. (a) A lease agreement is a contract in which the les sor gives the lessee the right to use an asset for a specified period in return for one or more periodic rental payments. The lessor is the owner of the property and the lessee is the renter or tenant. (b) The two most common types of leases are operating leases and capital leases. c) In an operating lease, the property is rented by the lessee and the lessor retains all ownership risks and responsibilities. A capital lease transfers substantially all the benefits and risks of ownership from the lessor to the lessee, so that the lease is in effect a purchase of the property. *13. This lease would be reported as an operating lease. In an operating lease, each payment is debited to Rent Expense. Neither a leased asset nor a lease liability is capitalized. *14. In a capital lease agreement, the lessee records the present value of the lease payments as an asset and a liability.Therefore, Rondelli Company would debit Leased Asset-Equipment for $186,300 and credit Lease Liability for the s ame amount. *15. The nature and the amount of each long-term liability should be presented in the balance sheet or in schedules in the accompanying notes to the statements. The notes should also indicate the interest rates, maturity dates, conversion privileges, and assets pledged as collateral. *16. Laura is probably indicating that since the borrower has the use of the bond proceeds over the term of the bonds, the borrowing rate in each period should be the same.The effective-interest method results in a varying amount of interest expense but a constant rate of interest on the balance outstanding. Accordingly, it results in a better matching of expenses with revenues than the straight-line method. When the difference between the straight-line method of amortization and the effective interest method is material, GAAP requires the use of the effective interest method. *17. Decrease. Under the effective-interest method the interest charge per period is determined by multiplying the c arrying value of the bonds by the effective-interest rate.When bonds are issued 15-2 Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only) Questions Chapter 15 (Continued) at a premium, the carrying value decreases over the life of the bonds. As a result, the interest expense will also decrease over the life of the bonds because it is determined by multiplying the decreasing carrying value of the bonds at the beginning of the period by the effective-interest rate. *18. No, Tina is not right.The market price of any bond is a function of three factors: (1) The dollar amounts to be received by the investor (interest and principal), (2) The length of time until the amounts are received (interest payment dates and maturity date), and (3) The market interest rate. *19. The straight-line method results in the same amortized amount being assigned to Interest Expense each interest period. This amount is determined by divi ding the total bond discount or premium by the number of interest periods the bonds will be outstanding. *20. $28,000. Interest expense is the interest to be paid in cash less the premium amortization for the year.Cash to be paid equals 8% X $400,000 or $32,000. Total premium equals 5% of $400,000 or $20,000. Since this is to be amortized over 5 years (the life of the bonds) in equal amounts, the amortization amount is $20,000 ? 5 = $4,000. Thus, $32,000 – $4,000 or $28,000 equals interest expense for 2010. 21. PepsiCo redeemed (paid) $579 million of long-term debt. Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only) 15-3 SOLUTIONS TO BRIEF EXERCISES BRIEF EXERCISE 15-1 Issue Stock Outstanding shares (b) Earnings per share (a) ? (b) $700,000 0 700,000 210,000 $490,000 $700,000 60,000 540,000 162,000 $378,000 700,000 $0. 70 Income before interest and taxes Interest ($2,000,000 X 8%) Income before income t axes Income tax expense (30%) Net income (a) Issue Bond 500,000 $0. 76 Net income is higher if stock is used. However, earnings per share is lower than earnings per share if bonds are used because of the additional shares of stock that are outstanding. BRIEF EXERCISE 15-2 (a) Jan. 1 (b) July 1 (c) Dec. 31 15-4 Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bonds Payable (3,000 X $1,000) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3,000,000 Bond Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cash ($3,000,000 X 8% X 1/2)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 20,000 Bond Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bond Interest Payable ($3,000,000 X 8% X 1/2)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 120,000 Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3,000,000 120,000 Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual 120,000 (For Instructor Use Only) BRIEF EXERCISE 15-3 (a) Jan. 1 (b) Jan. 1 Cash ($2,000,000 X . 97)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Discount on Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1,940,000 60,000 Cash ($2,000,000 X 1. 04)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Premium on Bonds Payable †¦.. 2,080,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 80,000 BRIEF EXERCISE 15-4 1. 2. 3. Jan. 1 July 1Sept. 1 Cash (1,000 X $1,000)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1,000,000 Cash ($800,000 X 1. 02)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Premium on Bonds Payable †¦.. 816,000 Cash ($200,000 X . 98) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Discount on Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 196,000 4,000 1,000,000 800,000 16,000 200,000 BRIEF EXERCISE 15-5 Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Loss on Bond Redemption ($1,010,000 – $940,000) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Discount on Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Cash ($1,000,000 X 101%) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1,000,000 Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual 70,000 60,000 1,010,000 (For Instructor Use Only) 15-5 BRIEF EXERCISE 15-6 (A) Semiannual Interest Period Issue Date 1 Dec. 31 June 30 Cash Payment $48,145 (B) Interest Expense (D) X 5% $30,000 (C) Reduction of Principal (A) – (B) (D) Principal Balance (D) – (C) $18,145 $600,000 581,855 Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Mortgage Notes Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 600,000 Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Mortgage Notes Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 30,000 18,145 600,000 48,145 BRIEF EXERCISE 15-7 1. 2. Rent Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 80,000 Leased Asset—Building †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Lease Liability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 700,000 80,000 700,000 BRIEF EXERCISE 15-8 Long-term liabilities Bonds payable, due 2012 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Less: Discount on bonds payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Notes payable, due 2015†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Lease liability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Total long-term liabilities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15-6 Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. $500,000 45,000 $455,000 80,000 70,000 $605,000 Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only) *BRIEF EXERCISE 15-9 (b) i = 10% ? $10,000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Discount rate from Table 15 A-1 i s . 46651 (8 periods at 10%). Present value of $10,000 to be received in 8 periods discounted at 10% is therefore $4,665. 10 ($10,000 X . 46651). (b) = 8% ? 0 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 1 2 3 4 5 6 Discount rate from Table 15 A-2 is 4. 62288 (6 periods at 8%). Present value of 6 payments of $20,000 each discounted at 8% is therefore $92,457. 60 ($20,000 X 4. 62288). *BRIEF EXERCISE 15-10 (a) Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Discount on Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 46,884 1,884 45,000 (b) Interest expense is greater than interest paid because the bonds sold at a discount which must be amortized over the life of the bonds.The bonds sold at a discount because in vestors demanded a market interest rate higher than the contractual interest rate. (c) Interest expense increases each period because the bond carrying value increases each period. As the market interest rate is applied to this bond carrying amount, interest expense will increase. Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only) 15-7 *BRIEF EXERCISE 15-11 (a) Jan. 1 (b) July 1 Cash (. 96 X $5,000,000) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Discount on Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ,800,000 200,000 Bond Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Discount on Bonds Payable ($200,000 ? 20) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cash ($5,000,000 X 9% X 1/2) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 235,000 5,000,000 10,000 225,000 *BRIEF EXERCISE 15-12 (a) Cash (1. 02 X $3,000,000)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Premium on Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3,060,000 (b) Bond Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Premium on Bonds Payable ($60,000 ? 10)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cash ($3,000,000 X 10% X 1/2) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 144,000 15-8Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3,000,000 60,000 6,000 Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual 150,000 (For Instructor Use Only) SOLUTIONS FOR DO IT! REVIEW EXERCISES DO IT! 15-1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. False. Mortgage bonds and sinking fund bonds are both examples of secured bonds. False. Convertible bonds can be converted into common stock at the bondholder’s option; callable bonds can b e retired by the issuer at a set amount prior to maturity. True. True. True. DO IT! 15-2 (a) Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Premium on Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (To record sale of bonds at a premium) 312,000 300,000 12,000 (b) Long-term liabilities Bonds payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Plus: Premium on bonds payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $300,000 12,000 $312,000 DO IT! 15-3 Loss on Bond Redemption†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Discount on Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (To record redemption of bonds at 99)Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual 6,000 400,000 10,000 396,000 (For Instructor Use Only) 15-9 DO IT! 15-4 Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Mortgage Notes Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (To record mortgage loan) Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Mortgage Notes Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (To record semiannual payment on mortgage) 50,000 350,000 10,500* 7,357 17,857 *Interest expense = $350,000 X 6% X 6/12 DO IT! 15-5 (a) Leased Asset—Equipment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Lease Liability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (To record leased asset and lease liability) 192,000 192,000 (b) The debt to total assets ratio = $1,100,000 ? $1,800,000 = 61%. This ratio means that 61% of the total assets were provided by creditors. The higher the percentage of debt to tota l assets, the greater the risk that the company may be unable to meet its maturing obligations. 15-10 Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only) SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES EXERCISE 15-1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. True. True. False. When seeking long-term financing, an advantage of issuing bonds over issuing common stock is that tax savings result. True. False. Unsecured bonds are also known as debenture bonds. False. Bonds that mature in installments are called serial bonds. True. True. True. True. EXERCISE 15-2 Plan One Issue Stock Income before interest and taxes Interest ($2,700,000 X 10%) Income before taxes Income tax expense (30%) Net income Outstanding sharesEarnings per share Plan Two Issue Bonds $800,000 — 800,000 240,000 $560,000 150,000 $3. 73 $800,000 270,000 530,000 159,000 $371,000 90,000 $4. 12 EXERCISE 15-3 (a) Jan. 1 (b) July 1 (c) Dec. 31 Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 500,000 Bond Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cash ($500,000 X 10% X 1/2)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 25,000 Bond Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bond Interest Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 25,000 Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual 500,000 25,000 25,000 For Instructor Use Only) 15-11 EXERCISE 15-4 (a) Jan. 1 (b) July 1 (c) Dec. 31 Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 300,000 Bond Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Cash ($300,0 00 X 8% X 1/2) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12,000 Bond Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Bond Interest Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12,000 300,000 12,000 12,000 EXERCISE 15-5 (a) Jan. 1 2010 Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 400,000 400,000 (b) July 1 Bond Interest Expense†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Cash ($400,000 X 9% X 1/2)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 18,000 Bond Interest Expense†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bond Interest Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18,000 18,000 (c) Dec. 31 (d) Jan. 15-12 1 2020 Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 18,000 400,000 Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual 400,000 (For Instructor Use Only) EXERCISE 15-6 At 100 (a) (1) Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1,000,000 Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1,000,000 At 98 (2)Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Discount on Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 980,000 20,000 1,000,000 At 103 (3) Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1,030,000 Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1,000,000 Premium on Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 30,000 Retirement of bonds at maturity (b) Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1,000,000 1,000,000 Retirement of bonds before maturity at 98 (c)Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1,000,000 Premium on Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9,000 Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Gain on Bond Redemption †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 980,000 29,000 Convers ion of bonds into common stock (d) Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Common Stock †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value†¦. Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1,000,000 Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual 300,000 700,000 (For Instructor Use Only) 15-13 EXERCISE 15-7 (a) (1) 2) Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Discount on Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 485,000 15,000 500,000 Semiannual interest payments ($20,000* X 10) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Plu s: Bond discount†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Total cost of borrowing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $200,000 15,000 $215,000 *($500,000 X . 08 X 6/12) OR Principal at maturity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Semiannual interest payments ($20,000 X 10)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Cash to be paid to bondholders†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Cash received from bondholders†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Total cost of borrowing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (b) (1) (2) Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Premium on Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $500,000 200,000 700,000 485,000 $215,000 525,000 Semiannual interest payments ($20,000 X 10)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Less: Bond Premium†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Total cost of borrowing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 500,000 25,000 $200,000 25,000 $175,000OR Principal at maturity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Semiannual interest payments ($20,000 X 10)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cash to be paid to bondholders†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Cash received from bondholders†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Total cost of borro wing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15-14 Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual $500,000 200,000 700,000 525,000 $175,000 (For Instructor Use Only) EXERCISE 15-8 (a) Jan. 1 (b) Jan 1 (c) July 1 Bond Interest Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2,000 Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Loss on Bond Redemption†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cash ($600,000 X 1. 04) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 600,000 24,000 Bond Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cash ($1,000,000 X 9% X 1/2)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 45,000 72,000 624,000 45,000 EXERCISE 15-9 1. 2. 3. June 30 June 30 Dec. 31 Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Loss on Bond Redemption ($132,600 – $117,500)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Discount on Bonds Payable ($130,000 – $117,500) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Cash ($130,000 X 102%)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 130,000 Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Premium on Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Gain on Bond Redemption ($151,000 – $147,000) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Cash ($150,000 X 98%)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 150,000 1,000 Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Common Stock ($5 X 20* X 30)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 20,000 15,100 12,500 132,600 4,000 147,000 3,000 17,000 *($20,000 ? $1,000) Note: As per the textbook, the market value of the stock is ignored in the conversion. Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only) 5-15 EXERCISE 15-10 Dec. 31 June 30 Dec. 31 2010 Issuance of Note Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Mortgage Notes Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2011 First Installment Payment Interest Expense ($240,000 X 10% X 6/12) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Mortgage Notes Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Second Installment Payment Interest Expense [($240,000 – $8,000) X 10% X 6/12] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ Mortgage Notes Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 240,000 240,000 12,000 ,000 20,000 11,600 8,400 20,000 EXERCISE 15-11 (a) January 1, 2010 Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Mortgage Notes Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 300,000 300,000 June 30, 2010 Interest Expense ($300,000 X 8% X 6/12)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Mortgage Notes Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12,000 8,000 20,000 December 31, 2010 Interest Expense ($292,000 X 8% X 6/12)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Mortgage Notes Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 15-16 Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 11,680 8,320 Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual 20,000 (For Instructor Use Only) EXERCISE 15-11 (Continued) (b) Current: $17,652 [$20,000 – ($283,680 X 8% X 6/12)] + [$20,000 – ($275,027 X 8% X 6/12)] Long-term: $266,028 [($300,000 – $8,000 – $8,320) – $17,652] EXERCISE 15-12 (a) Car Rental Expense†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (b) Jan. 1 500 Leased Asset-Equipment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Lease Liability †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4,606 500 74,606 EXERCISE 15-13 Long-term liabilities Bonds payable, due 2015 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $180,000 Add: Premium on bonds payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 32,000 Lease liability †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Total long-term liabilities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $212,000 89,500 $301,500 Note: Bond Interest Payable is a current liability EXERCISE 15-14 (a) Total assets †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Less: Total liabilities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Total stockholders’ equity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (b) Debt to total assets ratio $1,000,000 620,000 $ 380,000 Total liabilities $620,000 = = 62% Total assets $1,000,000 (c) Times interest earned ratio = Net income + Income tax expense + Interest expense Interest expense = Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. $150,000 + $100,000 + $7,000 = 36. 7 times $7,000 Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only) 15-17 *EXERCISE 15-15 Present value of principal ($200,000 X . 61391) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Present value of interest ($8,000 X 7. 72173) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Market price of bonds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $122,782 61,774 $184,556 *EXERCISE 15-16 a) Jan. 1 (b) July 1 (c) Dec. 31 15-18 Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Discount on Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Bond Interest Expense ($562,613 X 5%)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Discount on Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Cash ($600,000 X 9% X 1/2) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bond Interest Expense [($562,613 + $1,131) X 5%] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Discount on Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Bond Interest Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 562,613 37,387 600,000 28,131 1,131 27,000 28,187 Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual ,187 27,000 (For Instructor Use Only) Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual *EXERCISE 15-16 (Continued) Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (b), (c) Semiannual Interest Periods Issue date 1 2 ( A) Interest to Be Paid (4. 5% X $600,000) 27,000 27,000 (B) Interest Expense to Be Recorded (5% X Preceding Bond Carrying Value) (E X . 05) 28,131 28,187 (C) Discount Amortization (B) – (A) 1,131 1,187 (D) Unamortized (E) Discount Bond (D) – (C) Carrying Value 37,387 36,256 35,069 562,613 563,744 564,931 (For Instructor Use Only) 15-19 *EXERCISE 15-17 (a) Jan. (b) July 1 1 (c) Dec. 31 15-20Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Premium on Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Bond Interest Expense ($318,694 X 5%)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Premium on Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Cash ($300,000 X 11% X 1/2)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bond Interest Expense [($318,694 – $565) X 5%] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Premium on Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Bond Interest Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 318,694 18,694 300,000 15,935 565 16,500 15,906 594 Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual 6,500 (For Instructor Use Only) Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual (B) Interest Expense (A) to Be Recorded (C) (D) Semiannual Interest to (5. 0% X Preceding Premium Unamortized (E) Interest Be Paid Bond Carrying Value) Amortization Premium Bond Periods (5. 5% X $300,000) (E X . 05) (A) – (B) (D) – (C) Carrying Value Issue date 1 2 16,500 16,500 15,935 15,906 565 594 18,694 18,129 17,535 318,694 318,129 317,535 *EXERCISE 15-17 (Continued) Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (b), (c) (For Instructor Use Only) 15-21 *EXERCISE 15-18 (a) Jan. 1 (b) July 1 (c) Dec. 31 (d) Jan. 1Cash ($400,000 X 103%) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Premium on Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 412,000 Bond Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Premium on Bonds Payable ($12,000 X 1/40) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cash ($400,000 X 9% X 1/2) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17,700 Bond Interest Expense†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Premium on Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bond Interest Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 17,700 300 2030 Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12,000 400,000 300 18,000 18,000 400,000 400,000 *EXERCISE 15-19 (a) Dec. 1 (b) June 30 (c) Dec. 31 (d) Dec. 31 15-22 2009 Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Discount on Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2010 Bond Interest Expense†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Discount on Bonds Payable ($70,000 ? 20) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cash ($800,000 X 11% X 1/2)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2010 Bond Interest Expense†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Discount on Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Cash ($800,000 X 11% X 1/2)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2019 Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 30,000 70,000 800,000 47,500 3,500 44,000 47,500 3,500 44,000 800, 000 Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual 800,000 (For Instructor Use Only) SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS PROBLEM 15-1A (a) May 1 (b) Dec. 31 2010 Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bond Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bond Interest Payable ($600,000 X 9% X 2/12)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 600,000 600,000 9,000 9,000 (c) Current Liabilities Bonds Interest Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. $ Long-term Liabilities Bonds Payable, due 2015 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (d) May 1 e) Nov. 1 (f) Nov. 1 2011 Bond Interest Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Bond Interest Expense ($600,000 X 9% X 4/12) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9,000 $600,000 9,000 18,000 27,000 Bond Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cash ($600,000 X 9% X 1/2)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 27,000 Bonds Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Loss on Bond Redemption†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cash ($600,000 X 1. 02) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 600,000 12,000 Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual 27,000 612,000 (For Instructor Use Only) 15-23 PROBLEM 15-2A (a) Jan. 2010 Cash ($500,000 X 1. 04) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Premium on Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 520,000 500,000 20,000 (b) Current Liabilities Bond interest payable ($500,000 X 10% X 1/2) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦. Long-term Liabilities Bonds payable, due 2020†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Add: Premium on bonds payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (c) Jan. 1 2012 Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Premium on Bonds Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Loss on Bond Redemption †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Cash ($500,000 X 1. 05) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $ 25,000 $500,000 18,000 $518,000 500,000** 16,000** 9,000* 25,000 *($525,000 – $516,000) 15-24 Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only) PROBLEM 15-3A (a) Semiannual Interest Period Cash Payment Issue Date 1 2 3 4 (b) Dec. 31 June 30 Dec. 31 $29,433 29,433 29,433 29,433 Interest Expense $16,000 15,463 14,904 14,323 Reduction of Principal Principal Balance $13,433 13,970 14,529 15,110 $400,000 386,567 372,597 358,068 342,958 2009 Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Mortgage Notes Payable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 400,000 2010 Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Mortgage Notes Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16,000 13,433 Interest Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Mortgage Notes Payable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cash†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (c) 400,000 29,433 15,463 13,970 29,433 12/31/10 Current Liabilities Current portion of mortgage notes payable $ 29,639** Long-term Liabilities Mortgage notes payable, due 2019 $342,958** **($14,529 + $15,110) **($372,597 – $14,529 – $15,110) Copyright  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Weygandt, Accounting Principles, 9/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only) 15-25

Political Ideas Stemming from Darwinism - 624 Words

At the turn of the 20th century American citizens were faced with many inequalities and progressivism emerged as an evolutionary political response. People who considered themselves â€Å"progressives† championed many different types of changes but the fundamental tenet of any progressive was the idea that the central role of any government was to improve the quality of life for everyday citizens. Before progressives became a powerful political force the main political ideas stemmed from Darwinist views, that is to say that the survival of the fittest was the natural order of life. This Darwinian way of thinking applied to all aspects of life, social, political, and economic. The reasoning was that if good was to be done for the common man than it should be done at the behest of private influence. Progressives needed a strong leader to support their positions and were it not for the untimely assassination of President McKinley they might have had to wait years longer. Presiden t McKinley’s successor, Theodore Roosevelt Jr., was exactly the strong leader that they needed to help combat the inequalities of the day. Theodore, or â€Å"Teddy†, was not alone in influencing the growth of progressive influence. Many of the inequalities would have never been brought to light, and the progressive movement would have been hindered, had it not been for journalists exposing what was going on. Teddy popularized the term â€Å"Muckraker†, used to refer to these investigative journalists, by mentioningShow MoreRelatedThe Concept Of A Paradigm Shift1640 Words   |  7 PagesMicheal Shermer similarly outlined the emphasis Neo-Darwinism placed on constant reiteration of the importance of Darwin s â€Å"idea†, defined as a singular, revolutionary entity within the history of science that was first exclusively formed in 1837 and confirmed by others1 in the vein of Thomas S. Kuhn2 (as opposed to the very gradual process of disciplinary development in evolutionary science described in nuance by Ruse, albeit with the same revolutionary interpretation present3). Coyne likewiseRead MoreThe Ameri can Revolution And The Declaration Of Freedom From The British Crown Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesEven though many would deem the American Revolution and the declaration of freedom from the British crown as the most successful moment in United States history, a majority of America’s true prosperity stems from the economic boom between the 1870s and early 1900s. During this time, many aspects of the working, middle, and upper classes began to change, and the differences that existed between them started to proliferate to previously unknown standards (Carnes and Garraty, 481). However, it is believedRead MoreThe Enlightenment Set the Stage for New Imperialism1362 Words   |  6 Pagesthe nations entailed the exploitation of their controlled state. Gestating from the change in control of Asian and African nations to the Europeans by means of political deviance, malicious sieges, and strategic military attacks. The juxtaposition to the modern equivalent endures as the afores aid is sheltered by the fairytale that these nations were in need of aid and by doing so the Europeans were the good guys. The ideas of new imperialism are greatly influenced by those of the enlightenment. TakingRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II1356 Words   |  6 PagesWar II, the world witnessed unspeakable acts of violence, particularly that of the Holocaust. The Holocaust was a mass genocide primarily of, but not limited to, the Jewish population in Germany, and other countries that were controlled by Germany. From 1941 to 1945, the Jews were targeted and methodically murdered because of Hitler’s views of his Utopian society made up of an Aryan a race. Hitler fought to create this society through creating an anti-Semitic movement, his motivation and thirst forRead MoreAdolf Hitler: A Political Theorist1619 Words   |  7 PagesMost would not recognize Adolf Hitler of being a political theorist, due to the fact of the horrific events that transpired under his c ontrol. However, he indeed was one for better or worse. His views about the political world were extreme to say the least and he often wrote his theories in need or due to circumstance (http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/kampf.htm. His views were mostly formed in three time periods of his life (http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/kampfRead MoreDurkheim’s Theory of Anomie and Marx’s Theory of Alienation Essay2757 Words   |  12 Pagesconcepts’ similarities, differences and origins. The present-day solutions in use such as trade unions, nihilism and religion also warrant exploration. Both of these theories are put forward by the authors as the central problem of modernity which arose from the move to a capitalist state in Marx’s view and the move to an industrial state in Durkheim’s view. It is worth noting that these notions are fundamentally opposed when trying to address the same issue, which brings up the central argument of thisRead MoreEssay about Horror and Tragedy in The Congo3980 Words   |  16 Pagesand throughout Africa. Understanding the roots and causes of this event, as focused through the lense of the Congo, is the subject of this paper. Primarily this paper will investigate the massacre of more than 10 million the Congolese by Leopold from 1885 and 1908. Although this is a massacre on the scale of the Jewish Holocaust dimensions, which began only thirty years later, little is told today about the injustices that took place. This event is not discussed within the standard litany of ourRead MoreWhat Are Some Common Misconceptions Of People With Psychiatric Disability?3236 Words   |  13 Pagesdiscretionary regarding excluding PWDs. Baynton (2005, p . 33) notes that the original 1882 law wording was â€Å"any lunatic, idiot, or any person unable to take care of himself or herself without becoming a public charge,† changing the phrase in the 1891 law from â€Å"unable† to â€Å"likely to become a public charge.† Americans began to realize that the ideal of furnishing an asylum for all the world’s oppressed was coming into conflict with changed economic and social conditions. The cold facts were that the supplyRead MoreBlack Naturalism and Toni Morrison: the Journey Away from Self-Love in the Bluest Eye8144 Words   |  33 Pagesstudents were unaware of it, in a sense what they were questioning from the standpoint of literary criticism is not only the theory of postmodernism with its emphasis on race, class and gender, but the theory of naturalism as well: the idea that one s social and physical environments can drastically affect one s nature and potential for surviving and succeeding in this world. In this article, I will explore Toni Morrison s The Bluest Eye from a naturalistic perspective; however, while doing so I willRead MoreHow Does The Medical Model Have Power?4335 Words   |  18 Pagessociology (Gabe, J. and Elston, M. A.2004). I will then compare the medical model with the social model and consider the effect they have on professionalism and dependency and I will discuss the binaries in the medical and social model plus the political, cultural and econo mic impact in the society. I will discuss the limitations, policy, guidelines and legislations and how the medical model of disability can contribute to social exclusion, segregation and discrimination, and then look at how this